So, are you ready to begin our journey through Paul’s letter to the believers at Rome?
Before we look at the text in detail, we need to ask, ‘why did he write it?’ It’s well known that he wanted to visit Rome, the then capital city of the world, and it’s likely he wanted to introduce himself and his gospel before doing so – especially as he wanted to use Rome as a half-way post to his eventual planned destination of Spain. He never got to Spain of course but he did eventually end up in Rome – as a prisoner in chains.
It’s been suggested by many that although Romans is indeed a ‘compendium of Christian doctrine’ and a ‘sustained and coherent statement of the gospel’, it nevertheless was primarily written, as are most of the documents and letters of the new testament, to address specific circumstances and situations that existed amongst the intended recipients. Paul had a huge concern for the church as a whole and wrote many of his letters to correct faulty theology and doctrine that was potentially introducing divisions in the church and driving believers off course.
The church in Rome was typical of many congregations as the gospel spread outwards from Jerusalem – it was a mixed community consisting mostly of converted Gentiles and with a smaller number of Jewish believers. The Jews regarded Christianity as simply part of Judaism and required their followers to observe the Jewish law, including circumcision – whereas the Gentile Christians were supporters of a ‘law-free’ gospel.
The Gentile converts reacted against being seen as second-class Christians and accused the Jewish believers of being weak in faith because they still scrupulously observed ceremonial regulations like food laws. Interestingly the Gentile converts often had problems with food offered for sale in the market which had been previously offered to idols because they had been delivered out of this evil system of idolatry and were afraid of being enticed back in again.
So, as we make our way through this letter, recognise that Paul is writing directly to these two groups of people, seeking to act as a peace-maker. He was ideally placed to do this – as a patriotic Jew himself – and secondly as he had been commissioned as the apostle to the Gentiles. He was determined to make a full and fresh statement of the apostolic gospel, which would not compromise any of its revealed truths, but which would resolve the conflict between Jew and Gentile over the covenant and the law and so promote the precious unity of the church.
We shall see that as he endeavours to reconcile the two groups he first introduces the theme that all guilty sinners are justified by God’s grace alone, in Christ alone, through faith alone – not dependant on status or works. As his argument develops he introduces the next theme that the people of God are no longer defined by descent, circumcision or culture but according to faith in Jesus Christ so that now all believers are the true children of Abraham.
Thereby, Gentile Christians have a right to be included in the Old Testament covenants of promise – they are full and genuine heirs to the promises of God to Israel! This is the main theme to the whole letter!
We will begin looking in earnest at the first few verses of this wonderful, life-changing letter in the next post. First here is a quick overview of the main structure and contents of the whole letter to whet all our appetites for the feast to come!
A brief overview of the letter
1:1 – 17 Paul introduces himself, his calling as an apostle and right from the outset announces the Gospel of God. David Coffey calls verses 16 – 17 the gospel in a nutshell – ‘I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. For in the gospel a righteousness from God is revealed, a righteousness that is by faith from first to last, just as it is written: “the righteous will live by faith”’.
1:18 – 3:20 The revelation of God’s righteousness in the gospel is necessary because of the revelation here of His wrath against unrighteousness. He concludes this section by indicting the whole of humanity, Jews and Gentiles, as no-one lives up to the knowledge of God which he or she has. All humans are sinful, guilty and without excuse before God. 3:23 ‘..for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God..’
3:21 – 8:39 But now…. into the universal darkness of human sin and guilt the light of the gospel has shone! Paul explains all that God has done for us through the gospel of Christ. 6:23 ‘for the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord’.
Chapter 8 concludes with a list of no less than 15 assurances of God’s steadfast love, from which nothing can ever separate us (Stott). v38 ‘…for I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor demons, neither the present nor the future, nor any powers, neither height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord’.
9 – 11 Paul addresses head on the underlying theological issues causing the problems between the Jews and Gentiles and in Ch 11 looks ahead to the fullness of both Jews and Gentiles being gathered in. Oh the wisdom of God! 11:25,26 ‘Israel has experienced a hardening in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in. And so all Israel will be saved…’
12:1 – 15:13 In view of all that he has spoken of in the previous chapters, Paul expounds God’s will as to how we should now live. 12:2 ‘do not conform any longer to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind..’.
15:14 – 16:27 Paul’s final conclusions and greetings. v25-27 ‘now to Him who is able to establish you by my gospel and the proclamation of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery hidden for long ages past, but now revealed and made known through the prophetic writings by the command of the eternal God, so that all nations might believe and obey Him – to the only wise God be glory for ever through Jesus Christ! Amen.